Schistosomiasis and its social determinants: an ancient neglected tropical disease case in Sudan Colley et al. Lancet Keywords: Schistosomiasis, Social Determinants; Sudan; water-born-diseases; NTDs Sudan is a country once considered as the breadbasket of Africa, its irrigation schemes made the country rich in cotton and other agricultural products; however, decades of mismanagement, harsh climate and political difficulties meant that this is now vestigial. (1) Sudan has a population, of 41 million, and is highly diverse, consisting of about 19 different ethnic groups and almost 600 subgroups with More than 80% of the Sudanese population lives in rural areas or nomadic. which presented a significant challenge for diseases control initiatives. (2) furthermore, the sustained conflicts have limited Sudan’s opportunities for socio-economic development, and has increased poverty across the country, according to the National Baseline Household Survey 2010, 46.5% of the popu